The philosophy of utilitarianism, a outcome-based theory of ethics created by ethicists Bentham and John Stuart Mill, posits that the optimal decision is the one that enhances overall happiness or joy. Fundamental to this philosophy is the "Maximization of Happiness Principle," which asserts that actions are ethically correct if they increase well-being and wrong if they cause the contrary. The utilitarian approach evaluates the moral worth of an act based on its consequence, making it a realistic approach to ethical decision-making.
This ethical theory questions classic moral structures that emphasize duties or principles, rather supporting a versatile approach that considers the results of behaviors. Advocates of utilitarianism assert that by prioritizing the greatest good for the majority, the community can attain a higher state of welfare. This idea has been implemented in various fields, including economics, politics, and public policy, influencing decisions that aim to improve social welfare and reduce suffering.
The utilitarian approach also deals with the nuances of assessing and weighing well-being. Opponents maintain that it can be problematic to measure happiness and that this method may overlook the rights and dignity of individuals. Nevertheless, advocates argue that the utilitarian approach offers a clear and objective method investment philosophy for evaluating ethical problems, encouraging a more humane and practical method to ethics. By focusing on the outcomes of decisions and aiming to increase overall pleasure, utilitarianism offers a persuasive model for attaining a just and just world.